VAT Calculator
Convert an amount excluding VAT to including VAT, or find the price excluding VAT from the price including VAT. Select your VAT rate or enter a custom rate.
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VAT amount ( %)
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VAT calculation by rate
How to calculate VAT: formulas and examples
Value Added Tax (VAT) is an indirect tax on consumption, levied at each stage of the production and distribution chain. In the United Kingdom, VAT is one of the government's largest sources of revenue. The standard rate is 20%, but there are two other rates: the reduced rate of 5% (home energy, child car seats, certain health products) and the zero rate of 0% (most food, children's clothing, books, newspapers).
To calculate the price including VAT from the price excluding VAT, multiply the amount excl. VAT by (1 + rate/100). Example: €100.00 excl. VAT × 1.20 = €120.00 incl. VAT at the 20% rate. For the reverse calculation (incl. VAT to excl. VAT), divide the amount incl. VAT by (1 + rate/100). Example: €120.00 incl. VAT / 1.20 = €100.00 excl. VAT.
The VAT amount is obtained by subtraction: VAT = incl. VAT − excl. VAT, or directly: VAT = excl. VAT × rate/100. These formulas apply regardless of the rate. This calculator performs all calculations locally in your browser, without sending any data to a server.
For businesses, VAT collected on sales (output VAT) is paid to the tax authority, minus the VAT paid on purchases (input VAT). The balance is the net VAT payable. Small businesses below the VAT registration threshold do not need to charge VAT.